Evidence traceability and minor textual blemishes: Onn and Lew
The following paragraph is taken from Lew (2025). 1 馬六甲王朝時期,對華船採取禮遇政策,給予華船免稅優惠,僅以習慣性贈送價值5%之貨物即可,吸引了不少華船到來。葡萄牙文獻記載16世紀初,中國每年皆採購來自馬六甲至少十艘商船的胡椒,每年約有八至十艘的華船到來馬六甲。1511年,阿布奎 (Afonso de Albuquerque) 親征馬六甲時,即見五艘華船停泊在馬六甲港口,阿布奎並且與他們交談甚歡。這可謂是地理大發現以來,中西的第一次非官方接觸,這種接觸不在中國,亦不在西方,反而在馬六甲,正反映了15至16世紀初馬六甲海峽的重要性。 (安煥然 1998:291) 2 There are a couple of small issues with Lew's treatment. It is true that during the earlier Malay administration, duties were not paid in money but in the form of gifts. However, the exact rate of these tribute-like payments is not consistent throughout the trade history. Lew's number is one of the two numerical example given by Pires, i.e. \(\frac{15}{300}\) ad valorem or 15 cruzados levied on every 300 cruzados's worth of merchandise). Moreover, as noted by Pires, the gifts presented by Chinese merchants were greater than those from all other regions, and the collection was further amplified by the sheer...