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Josef Stefan and his equation for infrared radiation

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The fact that the thermoradiative wattage output per surface area power flux of a hot object, \(q\), is proportional to 4th power of its temperature was deduced by a German physicist named Josef Stefan in 1879 1879 is quite eventful in physics because it was the year when Maxwell passed away and Rayleigh took over the Cavendish chair, it was also the year when Einstein was born. It was also the year when Karl Pearson took his Tripos exam and placed third Wrangler. Many years later when the 23-year-old Einstein started the Olympia group in 1902, his first reading suggestion was Pearson's The Grammar of Science. : $$q \propto T^4$$ Stefan's proportionality was inspired by a certain infrared emission The explanation given by Tyndall in 1864 was: . . . 13 a spiral of platinum wire suitably supported was placed within the camera of the electric lamp at the place usually occupied by the carbon points. This spiral was connected with a v...

Yanshanian orogeny

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Yanshanian orogeny in Hsü's A History of Malaya 馬來亞史 Yanshanian orogeny 燕山造山運動 was coined by Wong Wenhao 翁文灝 (1889 - 1971) and it was first presented by Wong in a W. H. Wong (1926) Crustal movements in Eastern China, Proceedings of the 3rd Pan-Pacific Scientific Congress, pp. 265 - 285 (organized by the National Research Council of Japan 学術 研究 会議 , 30 October 1926 - 11 November 1926, Tokyo, Japan). However, the papers presented in 1926 were edited only in 1928 and published later in 1929. In China, Wong's proposal was first reported in 翁文灝 (1927) 中國東部中生代以來之地殼運動及火山活動,中國地質學會會誌 6(1). conference in 1926. Location of Tiaojishan 髫髻山 formation ( orange -shaded regions). During the Warring States Period, the region was part of the State of Yan 燕國, which was the reason why the name was chosen by Wong Wenhao 翁文灝 in 1926. The most famous administrator of Yan was perhaps Zhu Di 朱棣, the Prince of Yan 燕王 in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Di l...

咄々逼人

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The glyph 咄 is pronounced totsu (とつ) in Japanese and dol (돌) in Korean, but it is pronounced as duò (堕) in Mandarin. When it is juxtaposed with the mood particle 嗟 (jiē 節), the word 咄嗟 is formed. The word means two things. It can either mean the very act of shouting angrily (similar to 呵叱 | 吆喝 | 叱吒) or a small amount of time (霎時間 or 須臾間). In Korean and Japanese, however, 咄嗟 is exclusively employed to denote small chronological lapses. This exclusive Japanese/Korean usage is an linguistic fossil indicating that 咄嗟 is probably a foreign loanword. Indeed, the Indian base unit of time त्रुटि can be approximately transcribed with 出差 . In Sūrya Siddhānta (The Indian Canon of the Sun, circa 5th century), we were given the following definition: $$1\;{\rm truṭi} = \tfrac{1}{30} \times \tfrac{1}{18} \times \tfrac{1}{30} \times \tfrac{1}{100} = \tfrac{2^3}{60^4} \; {\rm kalā}$$ ...

The lumpur and fowl of Hsü and Tsou

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Part 1. Hsü Yün-Ts‘iao, Tsou Pao-Chün, and their Malay dictionaries Hsü Yün-Ts‘iao 許雲樵 (1905 — 1981) was an Associate Professor and the Director of South Seas Researches 南洋研究室主任 in Nanyang University 南洋大學 (or Nantah) between 1957 and Hsü left Nantah in February 1962 and founded the Southeast Asian Research Centre 新加坡東南亞硏究所 (which is his new home office and library in 167 MacPherson Road, 3rd Floor). The inaugural issue of a new journal (Journal of Southeast Asian Researches 東南亞硏究) by the Southeast Asian Research Centre 新加坡東南亞硏究所 was published in December 1965, and the last issue (volume 7) was published in 1971. Actually Hsü had earlier in 1958 endured the South Seas Society 南洋學會 leadership coup masterminded by Peng Song Toh 彭松濤 (assisted by Lin Woling 林我鈴). Hsü was the editor of the Journal of South Seas Society in 1940 - 1941, 1947 - 1957, but he was replaced by Wang Gungwu in 1958 (r. 1958 - 1961), and Wong Lin Ken in 1962. Hsü ke...