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「日上三竿」到底是早上多少點？

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從吉打 Lembah Bujang 布央谷開車回家，經過怡保的時候剛好是晚餐時間。 在麥當勞用過晚餐後，發現開車的我好像也有點睏了，於是決定在怡保睡一覺。我們把車開到 Bandar Meru Raya ，然後跟 Casuarina 要了一間房間。 隔天早我見小兒子辛円睡到很遲還不願意起床，就拿起手機給他照了一張相 1 。 原想給照片標上：阿円睡到日上三竿 2 ，大太陽曬屁股還不起身。但，住在我頭腦裡面的另外一個人問我： 三竿 到底是 : 點？ The timestamp of the photograph was 9:12:09 morning (28 May 2017). The explanation given by National Academy for Educational Research of Taiwan 台灣國家教育研究院 is：太陽已上升到 三根 竹竿相接的 高度 。表示時候不早了。This explanation suggests that ‘三' (three) is to be interpreted vertically and absolutely, instead of umbrally and relative to the physical pole. Given the fact in the phrase 三竿 (three poles) was recorded by an observatory officer, it is unlikely that the former intepretation is correct. 大太陽曬屁股還不起身嗎？ 於是我便上網查了一下該成語的出處：「日上三竿」應該是出自《 南齊書・天文誌上・日光色 》的一段話。《南齊書・天文誌》是南齊政府天文局官員根據每日的觀測日記整...
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The children of Yap Ah Loy sued their mum in court (1898 - 1904)

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1957/0118652W In the Court of the Senior Magistrate at Kuala Lumpur Civil Suit No. 138 of 1898. In the matter of the Estate of Yap Ah Loy, deceased, between Yap Hon Chin (28) Yap Loong Shin (23) Yap Leong Soon (18) Yap Kim Neo Yap Leong Sem by his next friend Ong Chi Siew Yap Leong Fong Plaintiffs and Kok Kang Keow (48), otherwise called Kok Ngeo Nga who is sued as Administratrix of the Estate and Effects of Yap Ah Loy, deceased. On the tombstone of Yap Ah Loy, we were given the following list: 1 隆興 (b. 29 December 1869, d. 5 January 1933), 2 隆盛 (Loong Shin, b. 4 April 1875, d. <1925?), 3 隆顺 (Leong Soon, b. 6 March 1880, d. 8 December 1907, died when he was only 27.8), 4 隆發 (b. 10 August 1882, d. 21 September 1900, died when he was only 18...
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From Gauss's mean error to Yule's standard error

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To fully appreciate the math we are about to discuss, we must first rewind our clock to 1911. Udny Yule was enrolled into University College London at the young age of 16, where he remained from 1887 to 1890. Among his teachers were Karl Pearson (then Professor of Applied Mathematics), Alexander Kennedy (Professor of Engineering), J. A. Fleming (Professor of Electrical Engineering), J. M. Hill (Professor of Mathematics), C. Foster (Professor of Physics). While Yule was working with Heinrich Hertz in Bonn, Pearson offered him a role as demonstrator at UCL which he accepted, and he occupied this position from 1893 to 1896 (the year he was promoted to Assistant Professor of Applied Mathematics). 1911 is an important year for students of statistics. For one, the world's first statistics department was founded by Karl Pearson (1857 – 1936) in UCL. And two, the world's first statistics textbook was published by Udny Yule (1871 – ...
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第一任萊佛士歷史教授：C. N. Parkinson

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Cyril Northcote Parkinson (b. 1909, d. 1993) 是馬來亞大學的第一任萊佛士歷史教授。 他是第二任萊佛士歷史教授K. G. Tregonning (b. 1923, d. 2015) 的博士論文導師，而Tregonning後來是邱繼金 Khoo Kay Kim (b. 1937, d. 2019) 的學士論文導師。所以算起來，Parkinson是邱老師的師公。 By skipping over Tan Sri Khoo’s PhD supervisor, Eddin Khoo Bu Eng 邱武英 has helpfully demonstrated his unique scholarly method: if you don’t know something, simply pretend it never existed. A bold strategy, historically used by small children and certain governments. For anyone actually interested in Tan Sri Khoo’s academic journey — which, unlike Eddin’s version, involves real dates, real theses, and real supervisors — here it is: K. K. Khoo (1960) The municipal government of Singapore, 1887 - 1940, B. A. Thesis, Department of History, University of Malaya. Tan Sri was 23, which is around the age when most of us were still trying to figure out how library catalogues worked. K. K. Khoo (1967) The western Malay states, 1861 - 1873: The political effe...
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《心經》裡面的「般若波羅蜜」一詞

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很多年前曾經到過香港大嶼山的 心經簡林 。 心經簡林 是一個由三十八個巨型木簡，按數學無窮大「\(\infty\)」符號的形狀排成的木陣。在木陣裡面，除了第一個題目簡、第二十三個「空」簡和最後一個落款簡之外，其他的木簡都刻有《心經》的部分經文。 《心經》的全名叫《般若波羅蜜多心經》。我是在香港電影《 月光寶盒 》裡面，第一次聽到「般若波羅蜜多」這個詞的。在戲裡面，它是周星馳先生用來開啓可以讓時光倒流的月光寶盒的密語。必須注意的是，周先生把咒語唸成了「般若波羅蜜」，把「多」字給去掉了。 月光寶盒 的密語：般若波羅蜜. . . 不管「般若波羅蜜多」或是「般若波羅蜜」，念起來很別扭，很明顯它們都不是漢語，事實上，它們是由三個印度字組成的合成詞。「般若」的巴利語「paññā」的音譯：是知識或智慧的意思。「波羅」是巴利語「pāra」的音譯，它和英語前綴「para」一樣，是超越的意思，例如，英語「paranormal」就是超自然的意思。「蜜／蜜多」是巴利語「mī/mīta」的音譯，它是希臘語「metron」的親戚，也是英語「mete」或「measure」的祖先，想表達的是既定或肯定的意思。 把「paññā」+「pāra」+「mī」三個印度字連在一起，「般若波羅蜜」指的便是一種備受肯定、完美超凡的智慧。在周星馳先生的哲學世界裡面，也只有利用這種完美超凡的知識transcendental wisdom，才能將時空逆轉。 大嶼山的心經簡林與數學的無窮大「\(\infty\)」符號 可惜的是，我們暫時還沒有發現這種transcendental wisdom。可喜的是，數學家倒是發現了很多transcendental number（ 波羅蜜數 ）。波羅蜜數是一種很特別的數，因為你必須用無窮大「\(\infty\)」的概念才能將它正確地寫出來。例如，銀行用來算 複利息 的「\(e = 2.718\ldots\)」，就是一个波羅蜜數。 $$e = 2 + \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{2+\frac{2}{3+\frac{3}{4+\frac{4}{5+\frac{5}{6+\frac{6}{7+\frac{7}{8+\frac{8}{9+\frac{9}{\ddots}}}}}}}}}} = 2.718\...
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