萊佛士在印度的印度總督 Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, Governor-General of India. 在位：1813至1823年。萊佛士的舊老板是Lord Minto, 在位：1807至1813年。新老板讓他給公司物色一個新的基地。因为这一件事，我看主公他煩了很久。
檳城(Prince of Wales)島、佳麗夢(Carimon)島、民丹(Bintan)島、龍牙(Lingga)島、新加坡(Singapore)島和柔佛(Johore)的地理位置
國王的新印璽：信靠主之人(al-Wathiq billah الواثق بالله)，蘇丹胡先莎(Sultan Husain Shah السلطان حسين شاه)，已故(al-Marhum المرحوم)蘇丹馬末莎(Sultan Mahmud Shah سلطان محمود شاه)之子(ibn ابن)，回歷1234年(سنت Sanat 1234 ١٢٣۴).
. . . the amount collected from Native Vessels. The expenses of the Port and the collection of duties to be defrayed by th British Government. Done and concluded at Singapoora this 6th day of February in the year of Our Lord 1819, answering to the 11th day of the Month Rabi‛ al-Akhir and Year of the Hegira 1234. T. S. Raffles. Agent to the Most Noble the Gov. Genl. with the States of Rhio, Lingin, and Johor. . . . terima hasil cukai itu (ترىم حاصل چوکي ايت). Maka dari itu (مک در ايت) kita menurunkan tandatangan (کيت منورنکن تندتاڠن) serta cop kita kedua (سرت چڤ کيت کدوا) di dalam kertas ini (د دالم قرطس اين). Diperbuat surat kepada (دفربوات سورت کفد) sebelas hari bulan (سبلس هاري بولن) Rabi‛ al-Akhir tahun 1234 (تاهون ١٢٣۴) tersurat (ترسورة) di negeri Singapura adanya (د نکري سيع فورا اداڽ).
一個禮拜後的2月13號，原以為會錯過產期的英國人回到檳城。回到家的第一幕：不足一歲的Charlotte Sophia Raffles, 15 February 1818 - 14 January 1822夏珞還在睡覺，在一旁的媽媽，肚子還是尖尖的一大粒。
不過，萊佛士最後還是錯過了見證萊佛士的長子取名利奧波德(Leopold Stamford Raffles, 12 March 1819 - 27 June 1822). 利奧波德在世不到三年，死的時候只有2.3歲。長子出生的一幕。因為蘇菲亞產子的3月12號當天，萊佛士又出坡了。
1957/0118652W In the Court of the Senior Magistrate at Kuala Lumpur Civil Suit No. 138 of 1898. In the matter of the Estate of Yap Ah Loy, deceased, between Yap Hon Chin (28) Yap Loong Shin (23) Yap Leong Soon (18) Yap Kim Neo Yap Leong Sem by his next friend Ong Chi Siew Yap Leong Fong Plaintiffs and Kok Kang Keow (48), otherwise called Kok Ngeo Nga who is sued as Administratrix of the Estate and Effects of Yap Ah Loy, deceased. On the tombstone of Yap Ah Loy, we were given the following list: 1 隆興 (b. 29 December 1869, d. 5 January 1933), 2 隆盛 (Loong Shin, b. 4 April 1875, d. <1925?), 3 隆顺 (Leong Soon, b. 6 March 1880, d. 8 December 1907, died when he was only 27.8), 4 隆發 (b. 10 August 1882, d. 21 September 1900, died when he was only 18...
. . . I pointed out how the Bandar, in refusing to accept terms and in fighting against his Sovereign, was a rebel, and that all who assisted him were rebels. That, as he knew well, two out of his three captains, China, had sided with the Bandar, and had given him (the Bandar) more than moral support in his recent operations. (I here showed him the Chinese document attached, which is an order of the head of the Macaos, Wong Hin, to any of his people to render prompt assistance at any time and in any way to the Bandar) . . . . after some more conversation we parted, but shortly afterward he brought to our quarters the two captains, China, I had been advising him about, Wong Hin and Ugoli Kim, and said that, as the Governor had sent me to assist him, he had made up his mind to put the management of everything into my hands . . . C. B. Plunket, Inspector-General of Police of the Straits Settlements November 30, 1874 Pa...
As explained in Part I of the article, instead of building their house with the easy method of hexagonal top + hexagonal bottom , honeybees are building their cells with hexagonal top + rhombic bottom . In this article, I will try to give a calculus-based demonstration on how the honeybees achieve the economization of their wax resources with a rhombic angle of 70°32'. Suppose we start with a hexagonal prism with flat bottom like the one shown in the figure above. Let \( AB = a\), \(A''A = b\). Then it can be shown that the surface area \(S_0\) and the volume \(V\) of this prism are: $$S_0= 6ab + \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2, \quad V = \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2b$$ respectively. Mark a point \(B'\) on the prism so that \(B'B'' = x\) and slice a tetrahedron from the prism along the line \(A''C''\) through point \(B'\). Then, flip and rearrange the sliced tetrahedron on top of the prism, as shown below. If you repeat this proc...
In 1680, Andreas Müller (b. 1630, d. 1694) published a small book containing a collection of the Lord's Prayers in 83 languages. The work was later revised and expanded by other authors in 1700, 1705, and 1713. The following discussion examines the Malay and Chinese texts as presented in the revised edition published in 1713. The Lords Prayer in above a hundred languages, versions, and characters, published in 1713. Oratio Dominica ΠΟΛΥΓΛΩΤΤΟΣ ΠΟΛΥΜΟΡΦΟΣ. Nimirum Plus Centum Linguis, Versionibus, aut Characteribus Reddita & Expressa. Editio Novissima. Speciminibus variis quam priores comitatior. The work is built upon the earlier publication of Müller although the title page of the book did not explicitly mention any editor or author. In the Malay text, the Lord's kingdom 國 was rendered as ra'jat, using an old spelling system devised by Van Ophuijsen. It is...
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