Bernoulli's analysis of gas particles (1738)
On the properties and motions of elastic fluids, especially of air Now that we are considering elastic fluids, we may assign to them a law which agrees with all observed properties thus far. This will allow us to investigate properties that remain insufficiently explored. The main properties of elastic fluids are as follows: They have weight. They expand in all directions unless confined. They can be increasingly compressed under growing compressive forces. Air is thus constructed in this way, and it is with air in particular that our present reflections are concerned. Imagine, then, a cylindrical vessel placed vertically, \(ACDB\) (Figure 56), and within it a movable lid \(EF\), upon which a weight \(P\) rests from above. Let the cavity \(ECDF\) contain tiny particles, agitated back and forth with extremely rapid motion. Thus, as these particl...